virtualization

If you've looked into hypervisors at all you have probably realized that there are a ton of different options and packages, even from one vendor there might be many different options like with Citrix and VMware. All of these can be separated into two groups. Type 1, commonly referred to as a bare-metal or client hypervisor. Or, Type 2, commonly referred to as a hosted hypervisor. Both of these are incredibly valuable, but your use case will greatly determine which you want to use.

Type 1 hypervisors are installed directly onto your system and are a standalone operating system, hence, bare-metal. Once you have installed this kind of hypervisor then you can install OSes onto the hypervisor and it will run that operating system once you spin it up to run. These systems you will typically be accessed by some remote connection or send actions via command prompt. You can have many virtual machines spun up on these kinds of hypervisors at once. Here is a list of type I hypervisors. Here are some type 1 hypervisors to look into(sorted by market share): ESXi , Hyper-V, and Xen.

Type 2 hypervisors, in contrast, do not run directly on the system and instead run inside of the host operating system. This means that if you are already running Windows Server 2016 then you might install a type 2 hypervisor into this environment. This is very handy if you need to run some linux only software or swap between operating systems. This will save you from needing to dual boot and do a restart everytime you want to go back and forth. These can be used in a similar way to how a type 1 is where you load up a few different operating systems and let it run in the background doing server tasks and that was common before everyone had virtualized their infrastructure because that allowed them to leave their current equipment and setup in place and simply take on additional functionality inside of a type 2 hypervisor, but at this point most people go directly for type 1 when they are building out their systems. Type 2 is mainly used now for individual systems needing another environment. Here is a list of type 2 hypervisors you might be interested in VMware Workstation, VirtualBox, QEMU

There are lots of reasons why you might want to set up a virtual environemnt. You might want to run a version of Ubuntu in order to run some Linux only software without needing to dual boot and totally restart your computer to switch back and forth or you may want it to test out some risky software within a sandbox that won't damage any of your normal working environment. Whatever the purpose, it is very simple and quick to setup and can be a powerful trick to have in your arsenal.

1. Visit virtualbox.org

and click on the large download button to look at the various versions. At the top of the page you will find links that mention Windows, OS X, Linux and Solaris. VirtualBox works for all of these operating systems and you can follow the directions under each of the installations but in this guide, I will walk you through how to do it on Windows as that is what most people's base OS is. Once you click Windows Hosts it will start a download of the Virtual Box program. Once this is finished downloading run the executable. Continue through the installation process by hitting next. There are some things along the way you can tweak, but it is likely best to leave everything as default if it is your first time trying out virtualization software and don't know what your needs will be.

When you first open up the program after installation it will look something like this, but probably without the Ubuntu and setup information there.

The first thing you will want to do once you have reached this screen is click the "New" button in the top left so that you may start setting up a VM. Here you will set a name and tell Virtual Box which operating system you are planning on installing. For this tutorial, I will use Ubuntu as an example but all other operating systems should follow the same process after this step. Once you select your operating system click next and then it will ask you how much memory you want to allocate to the virtual machine.

The menu shows a color gradient where it eventually goes red at the right side. You generally won't want to allocate your VM that much RAM as that will end up taking away too many resources from your base operating system. Anywhere in the green region is generally safe, but you might want to experiment with this and check the recommendations for your specific operating system as some want more RAM than others.

Once you have made that decision it will lead you to a screen asking you to make a virtual hard drive. This is just like the memory setup where you set aside some hard drive space for the VM. I recommend you do that in this step and leave it as its default for now. After that screen it will lead you to choosing a virtual hard disk type if you chose to create one. You have the choice between VDI, VHD and VMDK. Most likely it is best to just use VDI as that is the native format for VirtualBox, but if you are interested in testing other virtualization solutions you may want to choose a format that will most easily port to the other solutions you are looking at using. VHD is used by VMWare, Sun xVM, QEMU, SUSE Studio, and .NET DiscUtils. VHD is used by Microsofts virtualization solutions like Hyper-V.

Afte you have completed that you will be asked if you want a dynamically allocated disk or fixed disk. A dynamically allocated disk will start at a small size but continue expanding up to the maximum size so it will not show it has consumed space on the hard drive in your base OS. Fixed on the other hand will automatically reserve all of that space for the VM.

Now it will let you choose the maximum size of your virtual hard disk. This is entirely up to you, just make sure you will have enough room to put your VM OS on there and also make sure you have enough room left for your base OS. You can move and change these settings after setup as well so don't stress if you think you need to expand the VM's storage later.

Ok. So it's all setup, now what? It isn't doing anything. Now what you have to do is go down to the storage tab and assign it an ISO to install the operating system you want. For me, I went to the Ubuntu Desktop Download page and downloaded Ubuntu 17.04. Take note of where it is downloading and then click the storage tab where it says Optical Drive and then assign the ISO you just downloaded. This is simulating putting in the install disk like you would on a physical computer. After this, just hit the green start button in the top and it will start up a window of a system like you just started a physical system and booted to the disc.